The Balance Sheet Essays - Accounting, Business Economics, Business

The Balance Sheet In spite of the fact that the monetary record was first executed only a few centuries back, it has quckly evolved and complex to turn out to be these days a generally utilized and useful asset in the possession of expert clients, notable and well known even among the mass open. Despite its unmistakable quality, or might be a direct result of it, the accounting report can not be effectively and completely depicted in a couple of words, yet at the same time, on the off chance that we leave aside its different capacities and structures and some other abstract elements, we can express that the monetary record is an outline of a ventures' advantages, liabilities and value at a particular snapshot of time. To streamline this depiction considerably further we could state that the asset report shows an element's assets, commitments and others' obligations to it. The target perspective anyway is frequently excessively prohibitive, and the most basic things ordinarily end up being somewhat perplexing... Among the thousand increasingly complex definitions affixed to the monetary record one of my top picks is the definition given by .... as indicated by which the monetary record is an announcement intended to convey data about the money related situation of an undertaking at a specific point in time, summing up the data contained in bookkeeping records in a reasonable and understandable structure, giving data about the budgetary condition of an endeavor and demonstrating the overall liquidity of the advantages, indicating the liabilities of the venture (for example what the endeavor owes and when these sums will fall due), ready to help the client in assessing the money related situation of the venture, being anyway just piece of the information required by clients. Or then again to sum up this long portrayal with which I totally concur, I could state that despite the fact that the asset report is one of the most remarkable instruments in the possession of budgetary examiners, chiefs, speculators and different clients, its significance ought not be over underscored, it must be seen alongside numerous different archives, and it is a long way from being the ideal and the excessively monetary record. So as to get an all the more clear, total and reasonable image of the monetary record, aside from looking into the definitions given by the specialists in this field, we would need to consider however many sides and issues of the subject as could be allowed. Being target we ought to view the historical underpinnings of the word balance, the historical backdrop of this report, its hypothetical pith and the essential ideas of bookkeeping inferred in it, its structures in the bookkeeping practice. In our endeavor anyway not to become over-goal or academic, we ought to likewise audit the points and reasons for the monetary record and the degree to which they are satisfied, the clients of this budget summary and their conflicting needs, the negative perspectives and limitations of the asset report, lastly the patterns of its further turn of events. To put it plainly, we need to go further into the issue... The historical backdrop of the purported fiscal reports, and the monetary record among them, can be followed back to Renaissance Italy, where alongside the twofold - section book - keeping they previously evoked to react to the developing an ever increasing number of complex needs of the bookkeeping associated with the financial advancement of the general public at that period (extension of exchange exercises, improvement of banking, and so forth.) and with the change from the proprietor - chief model towards constrained organizations or the breakdown of possession from control. Clearly these verifiable occasions required the advancement of new strategies and new reports, mirroring the changes. Normally the word balance itself has likewise an Italian inception (bilan, bilanz) however it is shaped up of two latin words: bi - twofold and lanx - scales. Indeed, even from here it becomes clear that the accounting report is a sheet or synopsis of two distinct parts of very much the same thing: an element's money related position. Further to this perspective, we can investigate the meaning of the asset report given by John Arnold, Tony Hope and Alan Southworth: The monetary record is the most inituitive and effectively comprehended archive of bookkeeping. The majority of us at some phase in our lives will be required to figure a posting of our assets. Such a posting of

Violation of the Rights of the Child. Essays - Foreign Relations

Infringement of the Rights of the Child. Papers - Foreign Relations Infringement of the Rights of the Child. The Provisions of CRC The Convention on the Rights of the Child sets out fundamental human rights that youngsters wherever have. These are the privilege to endurance; to create to the fullest; to assurance from destructive impacts, misuse and abuse; furthermore, to take an interest completely in family, social and public activity. The Show ensures kids' privileges by setting norms in human services; training; and lawful, common and social administrations. States that sanction the Show are obliged to create and attempt all activities and arrangements in the light of the eventual benefits of the youngster. A kid is a characterized as an individual beneath the age of eighteen years. Rights gave on youngsters by the show ought to be made accessible by the states independent of any separation. A youngster ought to be enlisted following birth; has a privilege to a name and a privilege to secure a nationality State gatherings ought to shield the kid from all types of physical or mental viciousness, injury or misuse disregard or careless treatment' abuse or misuse including sexual maltreatment, while in the consideration of guardians lawful gatekeepers or whatever other individual who has the consideration of the youngster (article 19) State parties perceive the privilege of the kid to training, make essential training mandatory and accessible allowed to all and so on., (article 28/11) States parties will guarantee that school discipline is directed in a way reliable with the youngster's human nobility and in similarity with the show. (article 28, (2) ), State parties will shield the kid from financial abuse and from playing out any work that is probably going to be destructive to youngster's wellbeing or physical mental profound good or social improvement (Article 32) The Convention likewise disallows oppressing a youngster to torment or other remorseless, cruel or swindling treatment or discipline (37a) Nation Incidents It is presently tried to look at the degree of episodes that encroach on rights of youngsters in a few nation settings. Sri Lanka is a state gathering to CRC furthermore, ILO Convention 182 on Elimination of most exceedingly terrible types of kid work. A youngster movement overview embraced in 1999 by the state discovered 11000 kids somewhere in the range of 5 and 14 working all day and another 15,000 occupied with housekeeping. Study discovered 450,000 youngsters utilized by families in regular farming. Measures are being intended to beat the most noticeably terrible types of youngster work and impact changes to the law. Different appraisals of kid enlistment as officers are being observed by UNICEF. With heightening of war it is dreaded enormous numbers are presented to enlistment by rebel gatherings. Sri Lanka has set up a National Child Protection Committee to attempt measures against dealing of kids; make mindfulness programs on misuse and forswearing of kid rights for the Police Judiciary and Higher Judiciary (Source: Sri Lanka State of Human Rights 2005; Law and Society Trust ISDN 955-9026-99-9, P 260-265) A report on road youngsters in Moscow reviews issue of Road kids, the majority of whom flee from their folks. Specialists state existing framework of kid government assistance must not be extended however changed. It has been watched that most by far of the present road urchins have fled from living guardians who drink vigorously have no way to take care of their children or routinely misuse them Ternovskaya from Education Ministry working gathering passing by UK experience suggests 50-70 social specialists should work at each low level region currently staffed by just a couple of people. A family code should empower neighborhood specialists to mediate with grieved families. There is likewise a dread infringement of kid rights wins in secretly run covers. There is a proposition to build up an adolescent equity framework where officials are uncommonly prepared and not troubled by different cases and may mediate with strong measures. (source:- http/www.hrc.ca/kids/road/russia/jan02.shtml/sventlana korkina) Helena William and John Deane from PA news, reports that two powerful Parliamentary Committees in UK asked that guardians ought to be prohibited from smacking their kids Such estimates will assist with shutting the sensible reprimand guard presently frequently depended upon by abusers. However a restriction from smacking ought not be a reaction to youngster maltreatment in the light of death of 8 year old Victoria who kicked the bucket on account of her distant auntie of hypothermia, malnourishment and 128 separate wounds on her body in the wake of enduring months of maltreatment from her consideration. It is accounted for that around 80 youngsters in Britain kick the bucket from misuse every year. Changes to the law are being thought of as hitting youngsters isn't right interests of kids' privileges and kid assurance call for reevaluation of idea of sensible rebuke (source: http://news.independent.co.uk/uk/governmental issues/article 110187.ecl) 37 media individual and academicians partaking

What Is An Open Relationship

What Is An Open Relationship Relationships Spouses & Partners Print Open Relationships Why some feel theyre missing out with monogamy By Anabelle Bernard Fournier facebook Anabelle Bernard Fournier is a freelance writer who specializes in home decor and interior design. Shes been writing about interiors since 2012. Learn about our editorial policy Anabelle Bernard Fournier Updated on January 31, 2020 10000 Hours / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Open relationships are part of the larger category of consensually non-monogamous relationships. They are relationships in which both partners can pursue sex, and sometimes emotional attachments, with other people. Open relationships differ from swinging, in which partners have sex with other people at parties and where the relationships are purely sexual. They also differ from polyamory, where partners can pursue more than one committed relationship at a time. Open relationships are sort of the middle ground between swinging and polyamory. While swingers tend to keep their extramarital relationships to the realm of sex with other established couples, and polyamory is all about having multiple committed, romantic partners, people in open relationships can usually have sex with others they feel attracted toâ€"with the caveat that these other relationships remain casual. In other words, you can have sex with whomever you want, but you cant fall in love with them. Who Chooses an Open Relationship? Since there is still a lot of stigma around non-monogamy, not everyone is willing to admit that they participate in open relationships, swinging, or polyamory. Research by academic and non-profit organizations has given us a range. One study discovered that about one in five adults had been in some form of an open relationship in their lifetime. Another survey found that 31% of women and 38% of men would prefer a non-monogamous relationship. In general, younger respondents were more likely to prefer non-monogamy than the older crowd. If weve seen numbers of non-monogamous relationships grow over the past few years, it may be for two possible reasons: people feel more comfortable being open about the topic, or more people are willing to try it. Open relationships being less stigmatized in the media can contribute to both. Do You Want an Open Relationship? Some people know from their teenage years that they are not interested in monogamy, despite the expectation that everyone will, one day, be in a monogamous relationship leading to marriage. Others dip into open relationships because of circumstances, like having a crush on someone new, or because a partner brings it up. A common scenario goes as follows: a couple that has been together for a few years feels a lack of passion. One or both partners get a crush on someone else, or one begins an affair. To resolve the issue, they decide to open up their relationship. This, sadly, is not often the best way to open up your relationship. Especially when infidelity is involved, it is better to solve the underlying issue in the relationship first rather than try to mask it with opening the relationship up. Often, this means breaking up or divorcing. Sometimes, however, it does allow both people to go towards an open relationship with a positive outlook based on trust, love, and commitment. How Do I Bring It Up? How you approach the topic with your partner(s) depends on the stage of your relationship. If you are currently single or dating casually, its simpler. Bring up your ideal of non-monogamy at the dating stage. If you make it clear that you are not willing to be sexually and/or emotionally exclusive, the other person can make a clear choice as to whether they want to pursue the relationship further. If you are in a committed relationship already, things are a little more complex. First, you need to acknowledge that you entered this relationship with the expectation of monogamy. The other person has a right to expect you to be monogamous if that was what you agreed to at the time. Sadly, not everyone makes that expectation explicit. Since monogamy is part of our social expectation around romantic relationships, many people just assume this to be a term of their relationship without ever talking it over. Ask yourself what has changed. Maybe you were always interested in non-monogamy but attempted to stay monogamous due to social pressure or family expectations. Your open relationship discussion does not need to come about as a result of a new crushâ€"indeed, it is better if it comes while you have no other attachment. It can simply be part of personal or therapeutic work. If, however, you approach your partner about an open relationship because you want to pursue a crush, or after having been unfaithful, be prepared to face difficult times in your primary relationship. Your partner will likely feel betrayed and hurt, and you will need to deal with that before you actually open up your relationship. You want to open up your relationship with a positive outlook rather than out of spite or boredom. In other words, opening up your relationship to fix it when it appears to be failing is likely a bad idea. It will likely make things worse in the long term, even if it seems to work at first. Benefits When done with respect and the consent of all involved, open relationships have plenty of benefits. The first obvious one that many people think of is sexual satisfaction. Humans enjoy novelty when it comes to sexuality, and we all crave it at one point or another. A new partner is a great way to satisfy that craving for new sexual experiences. People who do open relationships well also share strong communication skills, a deepened sense of trust, and thoroughly negotiated roles and expectations. Its much easier to fulfill a partners needs if they tell you what they want, rather than making you guess. Open relationships allow partners to put all their cards on the table. Open relationships also allow non-monogamous people to express their needs and identity without fear. They dont need to hide their crushes or extra-marital relationships, at least to their partner, and this leads to a lot less emotional distress. Possible Issues Aside from those already mentioned, open relationships have potential problems all their own. Jealousy is the first. For people raised in an environment where monogamy is expected, jealousy can rear its ugly head quickly. Remember, though, that jealousy is rooted in feelings of not being enough, which is itself based on the idea that your romantic partner should be everything to you. Once you let go of the idea that you need to fulfill every single one of your partners needs, its easier to manage jealousy. Negative feelings towards extra partners can also stem from increased vulnerability. As you learn to negotiate your relationship more explicitly, you will need to explore and express feelings you may not have examined before. This can make people feel anxious, angry, or make them retreat emotionally. If you are having these kinds of problems, couple therapy with someone who understands non-monogamy can help you overcome these feelings. Finally, multiple partners increase the risk of STIs. Engage in safer sex activities with proper protection and get tested regularly. Take care of your sexual health and that of your partners. A Word From Verywell Only you can decide whether an open relationship is right for you. Opening a relationship involves questioning the ideal of monogamy, examining what we really expect from love, and being vulnerable with our feelings. It takes a lot of maturity and compassion. On the other hand, being in an open relationship isnt for everyoneâ€"it doesnt show a lack of maturity or compassion to decide that you prefer monogamy. In the end, being honest with yourself and your partner(s) is most important for happiness in your relationships. Exploring Polyamorous Relationships

Science Reflection - 1204 Words

I grew up in a household where scientific, logical thought dominated all conversations, where science documentaries were more common than cartoons. I saw science as the ultimate form of human thought. Data built the words of my language and to comprehend data was to understand the world around me. This, in turn, constructed the notion that the best way to change policy and opinions of others was to produce data. However, entering college following the most tumultuous presidential race in American history forced me to see the failings of science as I witnessed the utter disregard, hatred, and contempt for the voice of science by certain sections of society. I had grown to love science, to see science as a tool of advancement; others had†¦show more content†¦The educator in this instance are scientists who nullify the opinions and ideologies of others in an effort to put forth the strictest scientific interpretation. Now, more than ever, science requires that one goes beyond d ata to look at the populations affected — to empathize with controversial voices, and, through understanding and compassion, demonstrate the value of research. A more compassionate approach to education and sensitive patience in the face of ideological impasses will facilitate communication and acceptance rather than precipitate alienation which halts progress. One may argue that particular issues in science, such as climate change or species extinction, are too sensitive to take a reserved approach concerning education. In opposition to this claim, I pose the following reasoning: first, one can most certainly concede that change is more permanent the stronger the support behind a viewpoint. Second, along with Mooney, one can agree that the better way to change minds is to ease people into new, confrontational information. Third, if one can accept these ideas, one can also assume their inverses are true: alienating others is to force them into information and only temporary change is achieved by barely majority groups. This entails that powerful, more permanent change arises from a compassionate and sympathetic approach to education. The scientific communityShow MoreRelatedReflection Paper On Science And Science906 Words   |  4 PagesReflection Statement Before taking this course, I had never questioned how to characterize science. In elementary school I was taught that â€Å"good† science experiments use the scientific method so that they are replicable. I had always seen science as a source of reliable information. I certainly questioned certain findings, but I held the belief that there was such a thing as â€Å"good science.† I thought that â€Å"good science† transcended any subjectivity and was indisputable. These notions I had wereRead MoreReflections On Gender On Science1544 Words   |  7 PagesScience is ultimate. It is unwavering, and it is the truth. As a result, it is objective and free of imperfection. As such, Steven Weinburg, a theoretical physicist, once stated, The laws of nature are as impersonal and free of human values as the rules of arithmetic. We didn t want it to come out that way, but it did. Weinburg explains that science, like arithmetic is ultimately an objective discourse—free from subjectivity and emotion. However, in Evelyn Fox Keller’s novel Reflections on GenderRead MoreReflections On Gender On Science1652 Words   |  7 PagesScience is the truth. It is unwavering and absolute. As a result, it is objective and free of imperfection. As such, Steven Weinburg, a theoretical physicist, once stated, The laws of nature are as impersonal and free of human values as the rules of arithmetic. We didn t want it to come out that way, but it did. Weinburg explains that science, like arithmetic is ultimately an objective discourse—free from subjectivity and emotion. However, in Evelyn Fox Keller’s novel Reflections on Gender onRead MoreReflection Paper On Math And Science2185 Words   |  9 Pages1. In the autobiographical statement that I completed at the beginning of this semester, I wrote about the mostly positive experiences that I have had throughout my schooling and the importance of math and science. I was lucky enough to have some science and math teachers that really seemed to care about our success, and made sure to make themselves accessible for help. The experiences that I have had that were negative in school were typically in middle and high school with teachers that simplyRead MoreReflections On Gender And Science By Evelyn Fox Keller1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn Reflections on Gender and Science by Evelyn Fox Keller, Keller writes about the presence of masculinity, rather than femininity, in science. Ke ller begins makes it clear that, although there are significantly more men than women in the field, the issue at hand is not the lack of women working in science, but the â€Å"attribution of masculinity to science as an intellectual domain† (76). This means the language, tone, and overall dominance. Keller states that this stems from the myth that masculinityRead MoreReflection On Science Model Reflection763 Words   |  4 PagesScience Model Lesson Reflection For our science model lesson, Sarah and I tackled the 5th grade topic of matter, and our goal was that by the end of our twenty-minute lesson, our students would understand that all matter is made up of particles that cannot be created or destroyed, that matter may change but it still exists, and that although though we cannot see the particles that make up matter, we can still see evidence of their existence. Looking back at the data we have collected from our class’sRead MoreScience Reflection711 Words   |  3 Pagesour class to explore past, current, and future views on science curriculum and programming in the early childhood setting. Through our different readings, class discussions, and activities I have also gained some new insights to my own understanding about â€Å"science† as student and educator. For example, the readings from Worth and Grollman (2003) enhanced my perspective me about moving away from a narrow focus when thinking about teaching science. W orth and Grollman (2003) state, â€Å"Given the importanceRead MoreReflection On Science Lesson845 Words   |  4 Pageson November 1, 2017, I taught my second science lesson at Maverick Elementary School. It took place during my Kindergarten class’ usually scheduled science lesson. This week my class was going over the 5 senses, so my lesson fit perfectly into their curriculum. My lesson was about using the 5 senses to predict what an unknown object was in a closed bag. I chose to do this lesson because my students were learning how to â€Å"use senses as a tool of observation to identify properties and patterns of organismsRead MoreScience Reflection Paper967 Words   |  4 Pagesthis unit is called â€Å"What is Science?† and the first thing that brings to my mind is that â€Å"It’s everywhere!†. I also remember that the word science comes from the Latin word â€Å"scientia† which means â€Å"to know†. From computers to plants to cel ls to outer space, science is found everywhere. It has different branches, from medicine, to biology, to physics. The list goes on and on and on. But what exactly is science? How does science affect humanity? How does philosophy, science and religion relate to eachRead MoreScience Lesson Reflection1279 Words   |  6 PagesThis science lesson was taught as a stand alone lesson because Ms. Bell’s classroom is currently studying the regions in social studies. However, we decided science would be a nice change of pace for a day. The goal was for students to construct an argument that plants and animals have internal and external structures that function to support survival, growth, behavior, and reproduction. Specifically, we focused on being able to recognize how camouflage helps certain animals survive and to interpret

Informative Essay Borderline Personality Disorders

Borderline Personality Disorders Hunter Boumans Central Louisiana Technical Community College †¢ DEFINITION- Aka BPD, is a mental disorder marked by ongoing intense mood swings, self-imaging problems, and impulsive behavior usually surfacing during adolescence to early adulthood and can lead to major psychological disorders later in life. †¢ POSSIBLE CAUSE/RISK FACTORS- The exact cause has not been distinguished yet. However, research shows that genetics, and environment as well as social factors are likely involved. Risk Factors Include: ïÆ'Ëœ Genetics- According to NIMH (nation institute of mental health) BPD is 5X more likely to occur if an immediate family member has it. ïÆ'Ëœ Environmental Social Factors- Research from Mayo Clinic has found that many people diagnosed with BPD have reported traumatic life events during childhood development. ïÆ'Ëœ Brain- Multiple research has found that certain abnormalities in the brains anatomy that regulate impulses and emotions may not be functioning normally and could be root of the cause. †¢ SIGNS/SYMPTOMS- Severe dissociative symptoms (ex. observing themselves from outside of their body), Uncontrollable and intense anger rages, Chronic depression Unstable and intense mood swings, episodes ranging in length from hours to days. Reoccurring suicide threats and self-harm Impulsive, dangerous behaviors such as driving fast and substance use Unstable relationships †¢ TREATMENT- ïÆ'Ëœ Therapy- †¢ General Psychiatric Management-Show MoreRelatedEssay on Factors Affecting the Complexity of Criminal Behavior1489 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will consider the notion that any person could become a criminal. In considering this, the question ‘what makes a criminal a criminal’ will be discussed. Defining criminal behaviour is itself, difficult as it could be considered a wide range of behaviours from tasting fruit at the market to speeding to swearing at someone in frustration. Further to this discussion is a consideration of the roles that society and individuals have in defining and contributing to people engaging in criminalRead MoreWhat Makes a Criminal? Essays1778 Words   |  8 Pages Answering and understanding these questions is the core work of criminologists as most criminologists attempt to make sense of why people do certain things (Garland, Sparks 2000). This essay will consider the notion that any person could become a criminal and in so doing consider the initial question. This essay will outline a range of theories that attempt to describe human behavior in relation to criminal behavior given the complexities of behaviour. Several theories will be considered as no singleRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCore Self-Evaluation Scale 103 Scoring Key 103 Comparison Data 103 2 MANAGING PERSONAL STRESS 105 SKILL ASSESSMENT 106 Diagnostic Surveys for Managing Stress 106 Stress Management Assessment 106 Time Management Assessment 107 Type A Personality Inventory 108 Social Readjustment Rating Scale 109 Sources of Personal Stress 111 SKILL LEARNING 112 Improving the Management of Stress and Time 112 The Role of Management 113 Major Elements of Stress 113 Reactions to Stress 114 Coping with StressRead MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesconstitute Chapter 5 was first read, and the Festival of the New Cinema (Pesaro, Italy), which organized the round-table discussion during which the last chapter in this volume was originally presented. The idea of bringing together a number of my essays in a single volume, thus making them more easily available, originated with Mikel Dufrenne, Professor at the University of Paris-Nanterre and editor of the series in which this work was published in French. He has my very warm gratitude. C . M. Cannes

American Buffalo Free Essays

On April 4, 2010, I was proud to see the play American Buffalo by David Mamet at our very own Meramec Theater, where the small cast of three performed within the confines of a little, rickety pawnshop that was cluttered with antiques. Within the play, Donny Dubow, the supposed owner of the shop, unknowingly stumbled upon a highly valuable buffalo nickel, which he eventually sold to a stranger for only ninety dollars. When he learned that the coin was worth much more, Don gathered his friends, Bobby and Teach, to plan a heist to get the coin back into their possession. We will write a custom essay sample on American Buffalo or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mamet’s spectacular use of action and dialogue expertly exhibited all three character’s unique personalities, but the story didn’t come alive until the second act. Donny’s constant concern for Bobby’s health made Don appear to be a good man, who cared for others more than he did himself. For example, when Bobby mentioned that he had skipped breakfast that morning, Don gave him a wad of cash and persisted that he bought himself some food. He even pressed Bobby to get something healthy to eat much like a parent would do to their child. He said, â€Å"You can’t live on coffee, and you can’t live on cigarettes.Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. † Even though the second line is a tad cliche, these lines show that Don is compassionate and that he truly cares about Bobby’s well-being. Bobby’s character obviously had some sort of mental problem, but there was never any talk about his condition. His idiosyncrasies and mannerisms exhibited his handicap without having one of the other characters simply blurt out the word â€Å"retard. † For example, Bobby had a difficult time processing simple questions and following along with everyday conversations.He would either reply with short, simple answers or proceed to stutter the word â€Å"yeah† in a sluggish tone. His hands always remained jammed deep into his pockets, and he constantly stared down at his feet with his tongue jabbing into the inside of his cheek. Bobby’s awkward body language and his somewhat childish dialogue was all the audience needed to see that Bobby was a little slow. Walter â€Å"Teach† Cole appeared to be quite the opposite. His vulgar dialogue and boorish behavior revealed him to be a complete asshole. Every sentence that spilled from his lips was littered with curse words and a crude sense of humor that always seemed to put other people down. For instance, in the beginning of the second act, he barged in the door, shouting â€Å"cock sucking fuck head,† and when Don had mentioned one of his many acquaintances, Teach simply replied, â€Å"guys like that I like to fuck their wives. † Also, when Bobby was quietly sitting on a dusty ottoman in front of a large, lounge chair, Teach jumped into the chair and kicked Bobby in the back, sending him to the floor.Even though the elderly people in the front row didn’t appreciate his dirty mouth or crude behavior, I believe that Teach’s character was used to keep the audience’s eyes glued to the stage much like an intriguing line or hook in the opening paragraph of a good story. Even though the characters in American Buffalo were unique and well written, the first act bored the audience with mundane dialogue. The actors took turns pacing back and forth through the piles of junk, sitting in random chairs that were scattered throughout the shop, and conversing over tedious everyday things such as breakfast or the chance of rain.I believe the majority of the dialogue was meant for the audience get to know each individual character, but it rarely seemed to ever connect with a major conflict. Don, Bobby, and Teach would ramble on and on about a card game that took place the night before or plan a heist that never actually happened. In an attempt to be entertained, the audience spent the majority of Act One watching Bobby slowly eat a piece of pie or stare aimlessly at the ceiling, even when he didn’t have any lines. The audience wanted action, and Bobby was the only one that delivered.Act Two was chock-full of intense action and deeply emotional dialogue. When the lights came on and the play continued, the sound of rain and a hint of thunder echoed throughout the room and Bobby entered from behind the audience with his hair wet and his jeans tattered. He began spitting out sporadic bursts of short sentences in between gasps for breath, which brilliantly exhibited Bobby’s distress with some well structured dialogue. Teach suddenly grew hostile. He then slammed a metal lunch box over Bobby’s head and proceeded to knock over tables of antiques. He even threw an old clock into the top of the front counter, sending bits of glass all over the stage. I understand that Act One may have been necessary to build the play up to such a climactic ending, but American Buffalo showed me just how effective a great ending can have on its viewers. American Buffalo has opened my eyes and shined a much needed light on my perspective of writing a first-class story. It’s hard to believe that less than a week ago I viewed literature as purely a glorified way to play with words and bend my readers’ thoughts of the world, but American Buffalo rattled my brain and knocked some sense into me. It taught me just how short people’s attention spans truly are, and I’m no exception. Act One nearly put me to sleep. Don’t get me wrong. David Mamet is a fantastic writer, who exhibited Don, Bobby, and Teach’s unique personalities through some extraordinarily lifelike dialogue, but real life conversations can be quite dull at times. People tend to talk in circles and repeat snippets of each other’s responses. Drama and fiction aren’t real, but it is the writer’s job to make the story feel real while keeping people interested with some action and a compelling conflict. How to cite American Buffalo, Papers

Two Ways To Belong In America Essay Example For Students

Two Ways To Belong In America Essay Two Ways To Belong In AmericaThe topic that I choose is ?Two Ways to belong in America. My personalexperiences with different culture and Bharatis relationship with her sisterare very similar to my own; however I have different experiences in the marriageand feelings of belonging. Bharati and I have one obvious similarity, which iscoming from a different culture outside United States. She was born and grew upin India. She came to the U.S. after she graduated from university of Calcutta. I was born and grew up in Egypt, and came to the U.S. after I graduated fromUniversity of Alexandria. In India the maim language is English because thereare so many languages and the main custom in clothe is Sarie. In Egypt the mainlanguage is Arabic and the second language is English. The clothes are very muchlike here on the U.S. except in the holidays most people like to wear thetraditional clothes. Bharatis observation on the relationship between sistersis similar to my own experiences. She states, ?Mira and I have stayed sisterlyclose by phone. In our regular Sunday morning conversations, we are unguardedlyaffectionate? (341). This is one of my main weaknesses. I have my sister wholives in Egypt and I always call her every two weeks. We talk about everythingand anything. I like to know what is going on with her life and she likes toknow what is going on with my life too. Although my experience in the way I gotmarried is similar to Bharati, which is marrying the American way, my personalexperience with marriage is different from the authors. She stayed happilymarried, maybe because she married a person who is on the same level ofeducation as her. She said, ?I married a fellow student, an American ofCanadian parentage? (341). For me I was not happily married and I am a singlemother now. I think that is because I married a person who is different from mein so many ways. In the beginning I thought he was the one, but after marriagethe wax melted and the real him appeared. One of the main problem I could notget over was how he left five kids behind him and not even an ounce of guilt inhis consciousness. Another difference between the authors experience and myexperience is the way of belonging. She said, ?I need to feel like a part ofthe community I have adopted ( as I tried to feel in Canada as well)? (342). We will write a custom essay on Two Ways To Belong In America specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Bharati and I differ, because I have been moving around so many times it is sohard for me to feel connected and then move again. This feeling started in Egyptand I have had hard time getting over it. Although I was born in Egypt, theauthorities did not consider me as an Egyptian. So I had been always treated asan outsider even though I had obeyed all the rules, I had paid my taxes, and Iloved my work and my neighbors. I loved my Egyptian friend that I made. Then Imoved to Yemen and I lived there for 6 years. I really loved the people their,and my best friend but I always had been treated as a foreign person. I thinkthat is why it is so hard for me to feel belong.

Nonmoral Nature Essays

Nonmoral Nature Essays Nonmoral Nature Paper Nonmoral Nature Paper In Stephen Jay Goulds Nonmoral Nature, he discusses nature, and the difference between cruelty in animals and humans, and explains how the same moral can not be applied for both. The order in which he presents the different points of view is very important. At the beginning he supports his writing with sources from scientists that are not famous. However, to close out his work, he uses the well-known scientist Darwin to leave a lasting impression on the reader. In this essay, Gould provides both sides of moral in animals as well as humans, and then gives his explanation, then lets the reader decide from his own point of view. According to Gould, morality in nature can be perceived from the existent power, wisdom and goodness of God instead of the no-God thesis of Darwin. If moral nature is different in animals and humans, and cruelty can not be applied to both at the same time, then a God can exist. When Reverend Francis Henry died in 1829, he left money to support a series of books by many writers on how the power, wisdom and goodness of God, [are] manifested in the creation (474). Gould, as many other writers did, wrote about morals in nature, and how it can not be applied to human morality. The example of the Ichneumon fly or wasp is brought up by many scientists. William Buckland explains how the female locates the appropriate host and converts it into food for the larva, which then grows inside, keeping the host alive, preserving intact the essential heart and central nervous system. Finally, the larva completes its work and kills its victim (476). Gould clarifies Darwins main theory, that for all the misery in the world, a God can not exist because he would not have created the Ichneumonidea (481). Furthermore, Gould cites scientists that have a different way of viewing cruelty in nature. Reverend William Kirb focused on the virtue of the mother love that is displayed by provisioning the young with such care (476). Mirvat also makes an argument based on the fact that the suffering of animals is different from the suffering of people. Mirvat states that suffering is connected to the mental condition of the sufferer, that we as humans see it differently, and that the more cultivated and refined men are, the more they suffer from recollection of past moments and anticipation of future ones (481). If moral nature can not be applied the same way in animals and humans, then an all-powerful God may perhaps exist. Goulds writing is very effective because he has a strong argument supported by strong evidence and logic. Science who knows much about this topic in an English class? Gould wasnt limited by this. Although science sometimes can have words that are not regularly used in universal English, the clarity needed to understand these complex concepts is offered by Gould through explaining the scientific word used right after using it. For instance, The ichneumon fly ichnemonoidea are a group of wasps, not flies, that include more species than all the vertebrates combined (475). Even though advanced biology terms and Latin classification are used to identify his subject matter, the explanation of the word teaches the audience the new word so that it might have understanding of the area under discussion. Furthermore, Nonmoral Nature is a very controversial matter that many scientists have written on. For the improvement of the reader, since science might not be his or her strongest ability, and the knowledge on the subject might be limited, Gould introduces the matter by quoting other scientists who have studied the issue before. This is very effective since the readers do not feel unintelligent while reading about a subject that is unknown to them. Gould makes the interpretation flow easily from one paragraph to the next one, helping the reader understand the general concept as well as his ideas. To illustrate, Gould quotes William Buckland to show what the big controversy is by presenting his thesis by questioning if God is good, why are we surrounded with pain, suffering, and apparently senseless cruelty in the animal world? (474). Moreover, Gould points up William Kirby, who in the same situation focused instead upon the virtue of the mother love displayed by wasp in provisioning their young with such care (479). Gould is very effective by teaching the readers about the subject, and then explaining his point. This way the reader feels part of the essay and has an opinion, and by being part of this dissertation the reader gains understanding. Equally important for the reader is the understanding and creating of ones own ideas on the area under discussion. Logic through critical thinking is what in fact makes the difference between an effective essay and a vain one. The way Gould uses the words and his sources helps the audience to make its own judgment on the subject. This was very effective in the nineteenth century when he first wrote the essay as well as nowadays. The reader wants to feel smart and able to make a personal resolution, without the author having all the influence. For instance, at the end of the essay Gould quotes Darwin as he says; Let every man hope and believe what he can (484). This was a good strategy because Gould was telling the readers that they were intelligent enough to make their own judgment on the subject. Gould inspires the readers to look at the facts that he gathered and find their own conclusion on moral nature. This was done in a very effective way because the reader learns to understand Goulds writing instead of judging his ideas, and after doing that the readers decide what their hopes and beliefs are. Consequently, because of the techniques used by Gould in this essay, it was easy for the reader to understand the subject as well as the point he was trying to make. If either non-God believers or Christians that believe in the power, wisdom and goodness of God, as manifested in the creation, read this essay, they would not feel harassed. The way that Gould looks at morality is to unlock a new idea for the people without forcing them to believe it. The essay was tremendously effective through the use of support to his writing. In fact, the support of his thesis with the ideas of more distinguished scientists at the end leaves a lasting impression on the reader. As Darwin said; Let every man hope and believe what he can (484). Gould lets the reader hope and believe what he can. Gould, Stephen Jay. Nonmoral Nature. A World of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers. By Lee A Jacobus. Bedford: St. Martins, 2002. 471-484. Rpt. in A World of Ideas Essential Readings for College Writers.

Missing Information in APA Referencing

Missing Information in APA Referencing Missing Information in APA Referencing Referencing can be tricky even if you have all the source details. But what do you do when you can’t find an author’s name or a date of publication? In this post, we look at how to deal with missing information in APA referencing. Sources Without a Named Author: Organizational Authors Not every source will name the person who wrote it. When this happens, you can cite an organizational author instead (i.e., the company or organization that produced the source): Anonymity can affect the psyche over prolonged periods (American Psychological Association, 2008). Here, for example, we’re citing the American Psychological Association. We would then cite the same organizational author in the reference list at the end of the document. For instance: American Psychological Association (2008). The Psychological Effects of Anonymity on Self-Esteem. New York, NY: APA Press Inc. If you cite a source like this more than once, you may also want to abbreviate the organization’s name. You can do this within a citation by adding the abbreviation in square brackets: Anonymity can affect the psyche over prolonged periods (American Psychological Association [APA], 2008). On the next citation, we would then use the abbreviation by itself instead of repeating the full organization name again. Sources Without a Named Author: Anonymous Authors If a source truly has no author to name, APA recommends using the title in place of a name in citations and the reference list. If the title is quite long, you should also shorten it. For instance, we could cite an anonymous book called How to Cite Sources Effectively like this: Citing sources with missing information can be difficult (How to Cite, 2001). We would then use the full source title in place of an author’s name in the reference list. The only time you should attribute something to â€Å"Anonymous† is when the author is listed as such on the source. Sources Without a Year of Publication If you cannot find a date of publication for a source, use the phrase â€Å"n.d.† This is short for â€Å"no date.† We would use it in a citation like this, for instance: Time makes fools of us all (Smith, n.d.). We would then also use â€Å"n.d.† in place of a year in the reference list. Sources Without Page Numbers Possibly the most common issues of missing information in APA referencing is that some sources, such as websites, do not have page numbers. In cases like this, APA says you can use a paragraph number in citations: Smith (2003) rejects the â€Å"supposed need for page numbers† (para. 6). As a rule, paragraph numbers are most useful for shorter documents where you can quickly count the number of paragraphs therein (or for sources that come with pre-numbered paragraphs). Summary: Missing Information in APA Referencing If you cannot find full source information, APA referencing suggests: Cite an organizational author if a source is missing a named author. If there is no suitable organizational author either, use the source title instead. Use the abbreviation â€Å"n.d.† if a source has no year of publication. Use a paragraph number if a source has no page numbers. The points above should cover most cases of missing information in APA. However, remember to check carefully before using these methods. Most sources will have the information you need available, even if it is not easy to spot at first. And don’t forget that you can have your work proofread to make sure your referencing is complete.

Customer and market dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Customer and market dynamics - Essay Example In this period firms have started giving considerable importance to the demands of the consumers. Firms are launching products that are trying to cater the needs of different sections of the consumer markets that have diverse needs and wants. Aspects like variation of product mix are frequently being used by different organizations to understand the exact demands of the consumers and delivering their demands by producing tailor made products to the consumers. In order to achieve success for their product offering it is important to segment the market on the basis of consumer behaviour of the target market segments. According to Loudon consumer behaviour is defined as â€Å"the decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing goods and services† (Loudon, 2001, p.5). ... The UK consumer market has been selected as the consumer market where the product would be launched. The study would cover an extensive analysis of the existing literature so as to prepare a set of plausible recommendations for the firm so as to successfully launch the product in the market. Macro-environmental Factors Political Factors UK or United Kingdom comprises of the Great Britain and Northern Ireland. UK is one of the most developed consumer market of the world. The nation has a constitutional monarchy and is headed by the queen who is closely aided by the Prime Minister and his council of ministers who are elected democratically. The political establishment is one of the most stable political establishments in the nation which ensures development of the nation in all aspects. The administrative wing of the government is divided into the legislative, executive and judiciary wings which control the administration of the nation. The nation firmly believes in the spirit of democ racy and provides considerable fundamental rights to its citizens (CIA, 2011). Economic Factors UK is one of the most economically powerful nations of the world with GDP in terms of official exchange rates stand at $ 2.179 trillion as of 2009. The GDP figures in terms of purchasing power parity stand out at $ 34,200 as of 2009. The services sector has the highest contribution towards the GDP followed by industries and agriculture (CIA, 2011). Social Factors UK represents one of the best consumer markets of the world with population figures of 62,348,447 individuals as of July 2010. The median age of the population is 39.8 years which represents a good market for the product (moisturiser). Approximately 90 percent of the total population

Explain and discuss Erikson and James Marcia's view of adolescent Research Paper

Explain and discuss Erikson and James Marcia's view of adolescent identity development - Research Paper Example The adolescent stage is named as â€Å"identity vs. role diffusion / fidelity†. Identity and identity crisis are phrases that embrace the notion of conflict in the comatose mind of an individual. This is a stage where children decide their identity and role. The child wants to discover his ego and self-assurance. It is worrying when he fails to settle in a particular environment. One’s friends and peers who fundamentally belong to diverse social groups now become more significant and powerful to him than his parents. In the words of Eriksson, the concept of identity develops may be expressed as follows – â€Å"Maybe the fact that I am immigrant to this country made me feel that the problem of identity holds a central position in the disturbances we encounter today. In other words, fully developed genitality is not a goal to be pursued in isolation.† (Evans, 1965, p. 29) Erikson observes that examination dwells at the center of the development of this stage . Identity crisis is the chief difficulty the individual deals with and therefore a rebuilding of one’s character is essential at this stage. According to Erikson, the detection of identity during one’s adolescence is also complemented by variations in one’s ego level and ability to cope with situations. The other symptoms include â€Å"subjective discomfort, confusion, mood swings, ego defenses, impulsivity, acting-out, and heightened physical and somatic complaints† (Kidwell, Dunham, Bacho, Patorino and Portes, 1995). Therefore the individual undergoing transition process is vulnerable at this stage owing to the challenges he faces. Under this circumstance, an individual undergoes â€Å"split of one’s image, loss of center and a dispersion† (Kidwell, Dunham, Bacho, Patorino and Portes, 1995). This crisis of identity is one of the most complex conflict one faces during his teenage when an individual thrives for identity development against confusion of his

A Report On Romeo Juliet English Language Essay

A Report On Romeo Juliet English Language Essay What methods does Shakespeare use to show the characters feelings and thoughts in Act 3, Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet? Explain the scenes importance and consider how different audiences might respond. Shakespeare wrote the play, ‘Romeo Juliet more than 500 years ago and he used many techniques to make it interesting. Using techniques in a play is really important because it makes the play effective and also makes the reader understand the play better. Shakespeare uses a variety of techniques to show the characters feelings in Act 3, Scene 5 of ‘Romeo Juliet. For example, Shakespeare uses insults, antitheses, list, ambiguous statements and many more. In Act 3, Scene 5, Lord Capulet wants Juliet to marry Paris as he is lovely and honourable person. Previously, he was extremely happy as his only daughter is going to get married. But when she says, ‘No then the mood of Lord Capulets changes drastically, therefore his mood goes from happy to angry, soft to harsh and weak to strong. Furthermore, Shakespeare uses many techniques to express Lord Capulets anger with Juliet. One of the techniques that Lord Capulet says to Juliet is insults. This is when in Act 3, Scene 5 he says, â€Å"Out, you green-sickness carrion! Out, you baggage! You tallow-face! † By saying this he implies that Juliet is a burden and a disease to him. Here Lord Capulet is being extremely rude by humiliating his only own daughter like this. Lord Capulets daughter, Juliet, is the most important character in this scene as it is primarily based on her. Shakespeare shows Juliets emotions by using statements with double meaning (ambiguous statements). For example, when Juliet says, â€Å"Delay this marriage for a month, a week,† Lady Capulet thinks that she is too young and needs some time. But what she actually means is that she needs some time to think about what she is going to do, to be able to be with Romeo. Juliets mum, Lady Capulet is antagonised by Juliets reply because she said â€Å"No† which was reply that nobody has imagined. This is clear when Juliet asks Lady Capulet for help but she replies, â€Å"Talk to me not for Ill not speak a word†. This is just like saying, â€Å"Talk to my hand, not to my face†. This clearly shows how rude, arrogant and abusive Lady Capulet is. The Nurse, on the other hand, is really worried about Juliet because she is already married and her parents are forcing her to marry Paris. When the Nurse says, â€Å"I think it best you married the county. O, Hes a lovely gentleman!†, she uses vocative because she is really apprehensive about Juliet getting married to Paris, as she is already married to Romeo. In this text an exclamation mark is used and punctuation is really important when writing a play as the reader can know how characters can say their dialogues. For example, â€Å"Hang thee, young baggage! disobedient wretch!† Here Shakespeare uses a comma, to show there is a pause in the dialogue. Also, he uses exclamation marks, which tells the reader that Lord Capulet says the dialogue in a harsh way. Moreover, it also depends on the audience how they will interpret and react to the dialogue. For example, when Lord Capulet say â€Å"hang, thee, beg, starve, die in the streets.† There is a techniques used her which is list. Also, if there were modern audiences then they would interpret this as Lord Capulet being very harsh on his daughter but on the other hand the Shakespeare audiences will interpret as Lord Capulet doing the right thing and considering that Juliet is the one who is wrong because in those times there were more arrange marriages than love marriages. Lord Capulet also tries to gather sympathy from the modern and Shakespeare audiences. For example, when Capulet says, â€Å"Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play, alone, in company.† He is saying that he has looked after and cared for Juliet for every bit of his life. Also, this text from the play is a technique, which is called list. Capulet says this so he can gather sympathy from the audiences. He will get sympathy from the Shakespeare audience because in Shakespearean time the father chooses the groom for the bride. On the other hand, the modern audience will sympathise with Juliet because they think that a women have the right to choose her groom. After all she is the one who is going to be married and spend her life with her husband. In conclusion, using techniques in a play is really important for a play, as it gives the play a new layout. Also, Shakespeare puts the characters thoughts and feelings in their speech. He builds up dramatic tension between characters which conveys their emotions and therefore portrays their relationship.

Philosophy with Logic

Philosophy with Logic What is philosophy? Philosophy has many questions- Asking the right questions†¦ From Greek word PHILO (Love) & SOPHIA (Wisdom) which means lover of wisdom * PHYTAGORAS, a Greek Philosopher, was the first to use the term Philosophy. * He noted that there are three types of man: a. lover of pleasure b. lover of success c. lover of wisdom * the last, according to him, is the SUPERIOR TYPE. * Wisdom here deals with the principles of things, the first cause of all beings.It deals with an understanding on the meaning of one’s existence and the importance of things around her/ him (Socio, 2007) The chief goal of wisdom is a fundamental understanding of reality as it relates to living a good life. * We might say then, that wisdom is good judgement about complex situations. Consequently, wisdom involves reflection, insight, a capacity to learn from experience and some plausible conception of the human condition (Buenaflor, 2009). Philosophy is a search for me aning and therefore intended only for the rational beings.He who has the why of things can bear almost any how†¦- Victor Frankyl Philosophy uses reason to attain its object. Whatever is one’s state in life, whenever she is and whatever she does she will always be left philosophizing. Therefore philosophy is always present. Philosophy- The science of all things by their first causes as known by the light of reason Philosophy covered all aspects of human knowledge. The early philosophers believed that philosophy is the foundation of all learning in the possibility of a total world picture and in the unity of all truths- whether scientific, ethical, religious or aesthetic.Philosophy as subject sought to provide if not all the answers the, the answers to at least the most ultimate and fundamental questions. Why study Philosophy? The study of Philosophy is very important because it offers students a chance to explore the fundamental questions about human existence and to see exactly what thinkers in different periods have had about the essence of human being. Philosophy can help clarify our thoughts. The clearer a person thinks the more she/he expresses himself/herself and more accurate way of examining and making decisions about life.It is philosophy that digs into the root causes of man’s problems and discovers the true solutions and remedies to human ills. Plato- The Philosopher King Why study Philosophy? Philosophy is one of the best ways of enriching your life, even as it prepares you for life. Philosophy's critical skills offer the best defense against foolishness and falsehoods. Philosophy is one of the most practical subjects in college. Logic helps the students in the following areas: * Interpretation ; Analysis * Abstract Reasoning * Research ; Synthesis * Communications Branches of Philosophy Logic- the science of correct reasoning * Epistemology- it deals with the origin and validity of human knowledge * Metaphysics- it deals with the study of beings and the origin of things. * Theodicy- the study of God in the light of natural reason. (Philosophy of Religion) * Cosmology- the study of the universe from a philosophical viewpoint * Philosophical or Rational Psychology- the study of man not only as a thinking or sensing being but as compose of body and soul * Ethics- a philosophical study that deals with how life should be lived and the means of attaining a meaningful existence. *Aesthetics or Philosophy of Arts- deals with the philosophical study of arts and beauty. It answers the question like What is beauty? Philosophy can also be divided into the following branches called Philosophies of Discipline * Philosophy of Persons- it deals with the study about the dignity of man, truth, freedom, justice, love, death and his relationship with others and with God. * Social Philosophy- it deals with the philosophical study of a society and its institutions. It is concerned in determining the features of the best society as it deals with the study of relationships of the human person. Philosophy of Science- This deals with the justification and objectivity of scientific knowledge. * Philosophy of mathematics- The aim of philosophy of mathematics is to provide an account of the nature and methodology of mathematics and its importance. * Philosophy of Law- This branch of philosophy deals with the why’s of the law. It also aims to guide people’s actions in political community and thereby protect basic interests or rights. * Philosophy of Education- This branch of philosophy provides a philosophical understanding of the issues in education.It deals with the different methods of education and its effects in the learning of the human person. * Philosophy of Psychology- it deals with everyday reflections on ones thoughts and deeds and on the behavior of others * Philosophy of Religion- Study of God from a philosophical viewpoint * Philosophy of History- This branch of Philosophy is an attempt to answer substantive questions dealing with such matters as the significance or possible purpose of the historical processes and the factors fundamentally responsible for historical development and change. Philosophy of Love- this branch deals with the meaning and value of love in the human person. * Philosophy of Culture- This is the philosophical study of all aspects of human life. Its aim is to interpret and transmit to future generations the system of values. * Philosophy of Women- This is also called philosophy of feminism, which refers to the study of the legal and political rights of women, as well as the relationship between the sexes in terms of inequality, subordination, or oppression. What is the basic requirement of becoming a Philosopher? – The faculty of wonder philosophy asks the question WHY? Where did Philosophy originates? West- Greece East- China and India Factors that contribute to the development of Philosophy in Greece * Geography * Invention of Games * Invention of coins * Myths Logic Etymologically, Logic is deduced from the Greek word Logike denoting a treatise on matters pertaining to thought. The term was coined by Zeno the Stoic. St. Thomas Aquinas defines Logic as the art that directs the reasoning process so that man may attain knowledge of truth in an orderly way, with ease and without error.As art, Logic is the tool of all sciences. The Scholastics considered it as â€Å"the art of all other arts† because it is used in every science and in every practical endeavor. As science, Logic studies the logical properties involved in the act of knowledge such as the logic of notions or concepts, the logic of judgement, the logic of reasoning and the logic of science. As science, Logic is a systematized body of logical truths and principles governing the habit of critical thinking and reasoning. History of Logic Zeno the Stoic coined the actual name Logic.He established the rules of argumentation to clarify the nature of c oncepts by using the Prior and Posterior analytics of Aristotle’s logical works. This endeavor degenerated because of the clever rhetoric and subtle persuasion of the Sophists. Socrates refuted the error by vindicating the value concepts in knowing reality. Plato, the most distinguished student of Socrates, philosophized that truth is the same as the ultimate, ideal reality. Aristotle corrected this error. He wrote six treatises on Logic known as the â€Å"Organon† He stated that ideas are mental operations that exist only in the mind.He is considered as the founder of science. Porphyrius wrote the categories of Aristotle known as â€Å"Isagoge’ Boethius translated Aristotle’s Organon and wrote commentaries on the Isagoge. Avicenna and Averroes wrote commentaries of Aristotle’s Organon Thomas Aquinas wrote commentaries on the logical works of Aristotle Francis Bacon wrote the â€Å"Novum Organon†. He introduced the Theory of Induction. John Stuart Mill developed Bacon’s â€Å"Novum Organon† Recently, George Boole founded the New Symbolic Logic . Because of its limited scope of application its popularity declined. Methods of Reasoning Inductive method- where we can obtain universal knowledge by considering the particular ex. Repeated experience of seeing falling bodies towards the ground. We may induce that this is common to all bodies. * Deductive- When we proceed from universal knowledge to particular cases ex. Logic is divided according to the three acts of the mind. * Apprehension * Judgement * Reasoning Simple Apprehension It is the basic operation of the mind or â€Å"the mental processes by which we grasp the general meaning of the thing without affirming or denying anything about it. It is the basic operation of the mind that leads to a concept; ex. man† â€Å"dog† Judgment It is the act of the mind by which we compare two concepts, either they agree or not. If we put concepts togeth er, the end result is called judgement or proposition. Ex. Man Laughs Reasoning It is the act of the mind by which we derive new truths from previously assumed truth. The mind combines several judgments or propositions in order to arrive at a previously unknown judgment; it is called syllogism. Ex. All men are walking Cyrus is a man. Therefore Cyrus is walking. Mental Act External Sign Apprehension Term Judgement Proposition Reasoning SyllogismTerms The term deduced from the Latin â€Å"terminus† is the extramental symbol of an idea. A term is an external expression of an idea. Ideas are mental expressions of external objects. Logical properties of terms * Comprehension of a term- It is the sum total of all the qualities / elements that comprise the meaning of the term; A manifestation of the essence of the object. It is also known as connotation. The comprehension of animal is â€Å"sentient living material substance†. * The Extension of a Term- It is the sum total of the particulars to which the comprehension of a term can be applied.It is also known as denotation e. g. The extension of the comprehension â€Å"sentient living material substance(animal) is birds, mammals, reptiles, birds, mammals etc.. The comprehension and extension of terms are inversely related. The greater the comprehension the lesser the extension and vice-versa | Comprehension| Extension| Substance| substance| Spirits, minerals, plants, brutes,men| Body| Material substance| Minerals, plants, brutes, men| Organism| Living material substance| plants, brutes, men| Animal| Sentient living material substance| brutes, men| Man| Rational sentient living material substance| Men|Classification of Terms I. According to Extension Extension of Terms- is defined as property of a term by which such a term is applied to other things. Terms have three extensions namely Singular, Particular and Universal * Singular Term is an extension of term that stands for a single definite individual or group. It is used to specify the individual or group. It is quantified by: * Demonstrative pronouns- This, That e. g. this book, that boy * The article â€Å"the† connotes a single idea e. g. the cup, the umbrella * Personal Pronouns- I, You, He, my, yours , he ,she Collective nouns- flock, clan, team * Particular Terms-stand for a definite part of the absolute extension. This is applied to a given part of a given group. Particular terms have the following quantifiers 1. ) Indefinite Pronouns and Adjectives- Some, few, many, most, several, not all, etc. e. g. some people, most roads 2. ) Use of Numbers- seven candidates 3. ) Articles â€Å"A† and â€Å"AN† give a particular idea e. g. a saucer, an umbrella Universal terms- stands for every subject signified. This is when meaning is extended to each and every member of the group. The signs of universality are: 1. Universal Expression/Quantifiers- all, every, each, whatever, whoever, which ever, without excepti on, everything, no, no one etc. e. g. Ex. No man is an island; All students of Rogationist College will wear their uniform 2. ) Universal Ideas- e. g. Tomorrow is a new day; Dogs are not cats 3. ) Articles in the Universal idea- e. g. The book has pages; A snake is a dangerous creature II. According to Meaning * Univocal- it signifies the same concept or essence, in (at least) two occurrences of the term e. g. Gloria Arroyo became the President of the Republic of the Philippines; Benigno Aquino jr. s the president of the Republic of the Philippines * Equivocal Term- The term is outwardly or apparently the same but it signifies different concepts or essences. E. g. left (left hand); left ( gone); right (right hand) right (correct) * Analogous term- it expresses partly the same and partly different in meanings ex. Head does not have the same meaning in head of the family and head of a man. III. According to Quality * Positive in form, positive in meaning e. g. life, justice, truth, * Positive in form, negative in meaning e. g. murder, massacre, famine * Negative in form, negative in meaning e. g. mmature, incompetent, dishonest * Negative in form, positive in meaning e. g. immortal, unblemished IV. According to Relation * Compatible- those that can co- exist in a subject examples: wise and good; beauty and brain; rich and famous; tall, dark and handsome; * Incompatible- those that cannot co-exist in a subject. They exclude each other. There are four kinds of incompatible Ideas: * Contradictory- those that express a positive and negative concept. Contradictories are mutually exclusive such that the affirmation of one is the denial of the other. Between them, there is no third (middle) possibility.Examples: legal-illegal; patient-impatient; literate-illiterate; valid-invalid * Contrary- those that express extremes belonging to the same class. Between these ideas, there is a third (middle) ground. Examples: rich-poor; hot-cold; kind-cruel; high-low; beautiful-ugly * Privative- two opposed ideas, one of which expresses perfection, and the other its lack which ought to be possessed. Examples: sight-blindness; truth-error; hearing-deafness; good-evil * Correlative- two opposed ideas that bear mutual relation to one another such that one can’t be understood without the other.They imply each other because one depends the other. Examples: cause-effect; whole-part; husband wife; parent-child According to Object 1. ) Real- it expresses something that has existential actuality, whether positive or negative. Examples: clarity, temperance, scandal, unemployment, chair, table 2. ) Logical- it is used as a conceptual device to facilitate learning. Examples: subject, predicate, classification, division, phyla, genera 3. ) Imaginary- it has no correspondence in reality but is merely a concoction of the mind.Examples: Spider man, flying carpet, darna, talking tree According to Comprehension * Concrete- the term is used to express concrete concepts suc h as those perceivable by the senses or whose referent is tangible. Example: ball, desk, table,brilliant lawyer * Abstract- The term is used to express abstract concepts such as those understood by the mind or whose referent is intangible. The term denotes being, quality, quantity or relationship. It denotes the property of a thing regarded as an entity by itself. Examples: humanity, dullness. Kindness

MUNRO Surname Meaning and Origin

The Munro surname is usually a Scottish variant of the surname Monroe, with  several possible origins: derived from the Gaelic name Rothach, meaning man from Ro, or someone who came from  the foot of the  River Roe  in County Derry.From bun, meaning mouth of and roe, meaning a river. In Gaelic, the b often becomes an m - hence the surname MUNRO.Possibly a derivation of  Maolruadh, from maol, meaning bald, and ruadh, meaning red or auburn. Surname Origin: Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings: MUNROE, MUNROW, MUNROSE, MONRO, MONROE Where in the World Is the MUNRO Surname Found? Despite originating in Ireland, the Munro surname is most prevalent in England,  according to surname distribution data from Forebears, but ranks higher based on percentage of population in Scotland, where it ranks as the 61st most common surname in the country. Its also fairly common in New Zealand (133rd), Australia (257th), and Canada (437th). In 1881 Scotland, Munro was a very common surname, especially in both Ross and Cromarty and Sutherland, where it ranked 7th, followed by Moray (14th), Caithness (18th), Nairn (21st), and Inverness-shire (21st). WorldNames PublicProfiler  also has the Munro surname as being very popular in New Zealand, as well as throughout Northern Scotland, including the Highlands, Argyll and Bute, the Western Isles, the Orkney Islands, Moray, Aberdeenshire, Angus, Perth and Kinross, South Ayrshire and East Lothian. Famous People With the Last Name MUNRO H. H. Munro -  British short story author who wrote under the pen name SakiAlexander Munro of Bearcrofts - 17th-century Scottish military leaderCharles H. Munro -  Canadian physician and politicianDonald Munro of Foulis - Irish mercenary settler in Scotland;  founder of Clan MunroJames Munro  - 15th  Premier of Victoria, AustraliaWilliam Munro - British botanist Genealogy Resources for the Surname MUNRO Munro DNA ProjectThis DNA project of over 350 members originated with Munro researchers whos ancestors settled in North Carolina. The group wants to become a resource for all Munro researchers worldwide interested in combining DNA testing with genealogical research to identify common Munro ancestors. Clan MunroLearn about the origins of Clan Munro and their family seat at Foulis Castle, plus view a family tree of the chiefs of Clan Munro, and learn  how to join the Clan Munro association. Munro Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Munro  family crest or coat of arms for the Munro surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. FamilySearch - MUNRO  GenealogyExplore over 1.3 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Munro surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. MUNRO  Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Munro surname. MUNRO Genealogy ForumSearch the archives for posts about Munro ancestors, or post your own Munro query. The Munro  Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the popular last name Munro from the website of Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Man-made Climate Change Essay

Did People Cause Global Climate Change? The debate on global warming and global climate change has been going on for several decades. One group is of the opinion that man in the name of technological progress has actually caused damage to the environment and was the reason of the global climate change. The other group believes that global change is a phenomenon that has been in progress for thousands of years and that it is nothing new to worry about. There have been heated arguments and discussions on both camps, but neither is willing to back down or come to a resolution. Even the various theories proposed by scientists on what might happen in the future based on past data seem to be contradictory. Some theorize that global warming might lead to melting snow caps, which will result in sea levels rise in all the oceans. Others theorize that global warming can trigger another ice age. Still, people say that these things are part of a repetitive cycle and that past data shows rises and drops in global temperature over thousands of years. There are others who even go to the extent of saying that global warming is nothing but a scam. They say that global warming proponents can earn a lot of money through several methods by playing on people’s fears. In their opinion, it is a carefully orchestrated plan to mint money from nothing but a myth. So, there are a lot of conflicting ideas on the question of